For the Russian economy, the cost of war is becoming increasingly unbearable

The new advance of Russian forces towards the strategically important Pokrovsk, in eastern Ukraine, continues and its possible capture would mark the first major victory for the Russian side since the fall of Bakhmut in 2023. It will not only provide Moscow with a strategic advantage in its goal of fully capturing the energy-rich Donbas. …

Gold will reach $6,000 in spring with a boost from central banks

After an 18-month bull run that took it to a record high of $3,999/ounce on Monday, October 6, investors are wondering the obvious: How long will the precious metal’s rally last? The short answer is yes — at least as long as the same macroeconomic forces that fueled its rise remain active, Thanos Chonthrogiannis, an …

High borrowing costs are biting Russian businesses

US restrictions imposed in June to undermine the Kremlin have put local banks in countries that trade with Russia at higher risk of so-called secondary sanctions, increasingly delaying or disrupting payments to and from places like China and Turkey. This makes it difficult, and sometimes impossible, to execute transactions, particularly with China, Russia’s most important …

How is one global reserve currency replaced by another?

Over the past century, monetary systems have changed about every 30-40 years on average, according to the evidence of monetary history. Today, the existing monetary system is over 50 years old, so its transformation is long overdue. There are persistent attempts by different states to dethrone the US dollar as the world’s leading reserve currency …

Barter Economy between Russia-China to Defeat Western Sanctions

The war in Ukraine after the Russian invasion has been going on for more than 900 days, and since then, China and Russia have strengthened their economic and defense ties. Under the radar of the West, however, economic relations could expand even further in the future – with the help of an old (as old …

The REPO Act poses a problem to US Geopolitical Hegemony

In the wake of Russia’s military operation in Ukraine in 2022, the US government launched its most aggressive sanctions campaign ever. The US government and its allies have frozen about $300 billion of the Russian central bank’s accumulated foreign reserves. It was a stunning display of the political risk associated with the dollar and US …

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